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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.510 Except for the printed version of the catalogue, the various magnetic media or e-mail forms of the catalogue do not specifically meantion non-subscribers. It is possible that these forms of the catalogue may not be available to non-subscribers or that their prices may be more expensive than those given. Mail requests for specific information and orders to: Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Cambridge, MA 02138, USA NEXT: FAQ #4/15 - Performing calculations and interpreting data formats Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu sci.space:51982 sci.astro:28928 news.answers:4369 Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!eff!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!emory!gatech!concert!borg!mahler!leech From: leech@mahler.cs.unc.edu (Jon Leech) Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro,news.answers Subject: Diffs to sci.space/sci.astro Frequently Asked Questions Message-ID: <diffs_723318039@cs.unc.edu> Date: 2 Dec 92 17:40:51 GMT Expires: 6 Jan 93 17:40:39 GMT Sender: news@cs.unc.edu Followup-To: poster Organization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Lines: 473 Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu Supersedes: <diffs_720641511@cs.unc.edu> Archive-name: space/diff DIFFS SINCE LAST FAQ POSTING (IN POSTING ORDER) (These are hand-edited context diffs; do not attempt to use them to patch old copies of the FAQ). =================================================================== diff -t -c -r1.14 FAQ.intro *** /tmp/,RCSt1a21189 Wed Dec 2 12:29:28 1992 --- FAQ.intro Tue Dec 1 20:23:42 1992 *************** *** 225,230 **** --- 225,231 ---- baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke) - planetary probe schedules bankst@rata.vuw.ac.nz (Timothy Banks) - map projections, variable star analysis archive + bern@uni-trier.de (Jochen Bern) - German mnemonic translation brosen@pioneer.arc.nasa.gov (Bernie Rosen) - Space Camp bschlesinger@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov (Barry Schlesinger) - FITS format cew@venera.isi.edu (Craig E. Ward) - space group contact info *************** *** 248,253 **** --- 249,255 ---- shuttle landings, spysats, propulsion, "Face on Mars" hmueller@cssun.tamu.edu (Hal Mueller) - map projections, orbital dynamics + jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Josh Hopkins) - launch services jim@pnet01.cts.com (Jim Bowery) - propulsion, launch services jscotti@lpl.arizona.edu (Jim Scotti) - planetary positions kcarroll@zoo.toronto.edu (Kieran A. Carroll)- refs for spacecraft design *************** *** 269,274 **** --- 271,277 ---- rdb@mel.cocam.oz.au (Rodney Brown) - propulsion refs rja7m@phil.cs.virginia.edu (Ran Atkinson) - FTPable astro. programs rjungcla@ihlpb.att.com (R. Michael Jungclas)- models + roelle@sigi.jhuapl.edu (Curt Roelle) - German mnemonic translation seal@leonardo.jpl.nasa.gov (David Seal) - Cassini mission schedule shafer@skipper.dfrf.nasa.gov (Mary Shafer) - photos, shuttle landings smith@sndpit.enet.dec.com (Willie Smith) - photos =================================================================== diff -t -c -r1.14 FAQ.net *** /tmp/,RCSt1a21194 Wed Dec 2 12:29:30 1992 --- FAQ.net Tue Dec 1 20:23:43 1992 *************** *** 66,72 **** capture, starflight, orbital debris removal, etc. Email to space-tech-request@cs.cmu.edu to join. Archives of old digests and selected excerpts are available by anonymous FTP from ! daisy.learning.cs.cmu.edu (128.2.218.26) in /usr/anon/public/space-tech, or by email to space-tech-request if you don't have FTP access. SEDS-L is a BITNET list for members of Students for the Exploration and --- 66,72 ---- capture, starflight, orbital debris removal, etc. Email to space-tech-request@cs.cmu.edu to join. Archives of old digests and selected excerpts are available by anonymous FTP from ! gs80.sp.cs.cmu.edu (128.2.205.90) in /usr/anon/public/space-tech, or by email to space-tech-request if you don't have FTP access. SEDS-L is a BITNET list for members of Students for the Exploration and =================================================================== diff -t -c -r1.14 FAQ.data *** /tmp/,RCSt1a21199 Wed Dec 2 12:29:31 1992 --- FAQ.data Tue Dec 1 20:23:41 1992 *************** *** 322,330 **** kilroy.jpl.nasa.gov (128.149.1.165) NASA,Molczan directory: /pub/space/ - nachos.ssesco.com (192.55.187.18) NASA,Molczan - directory: /sat_elements - SPACE DIGEST ARCHIVES --- 322,327 ---- =================================================================== diff -t -c -r1.14 FAQ.mnemonics *** /tmp/,RCSt1a21219 Wed Dec 2 12:29:37 1992 --- FAQ.mnemonics Tue Dec 1 20:23:42 1992 *************** *** 58,64 **** Solar Mass Very Easily Makes All Jupiter's Satellites Undergo Numerous Perturbations. ! Mein Vater erklaert mir jeden Sonntag unseren niedlichen Planeten Colors of the spectrum: Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet ROY G. BIV (pronounce as a man's name) --- 58,68 ---- Solar Mass Very Easily Makes All Jupiter's Satellites Undergo Numerous Perturbations. ! Mein Vater erklaert mir jeden Sonntag unsere niedlichen Planeten ! (My Father explains to me every Sunday our nine planets) ! Man verachte einen Menschen in seinem Unglueck nie -- Punkt ! (Never scorn/despise a person in his misfortune/bad luck/misery ! -- period!) Colors of the spectrum: Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet ROY G. BIV (pronounce as a man's name) *************** *** 68,75 **** Galilean Satellite of Jupiter: Io Europa Ganymede Callisto I Expect God Cries I Eat Green Cheese ! Ich Erschrecke alle Guten Christen Saturnian Satellites MET DR THIP --- 72,81 ---- Galilean Satellite of Jupiter: Io Europa Ganymede Callisto I Expect God Cries I Eat Green Cheese + I Embarrass Good Christians ! Ich erschrecke all guten Christen ! (I scare all good Christians) Saturnian Satellites MET DR THIP =================================================================== diff -t -c -r1.14 FAQ.addresses No differences encountered =================================================================== diff -t -c -r1.14 FAQ.new_probes *** /tmp/,RCSt1a21239 Wed Dec 2 12:29:42 1992 --- FAQ.new_probes Tue Dec 1 20:23:43 1992 *************** *** 92,97 **** --- 92,103 ---- 10/05/97 - Jupiter Magnetotail Exploration + HITEN - Japanese (ISAS) lunar probe launched 1/24/90. Has made + multiple lunar flybys. Released Hagoromo, a smaller satellite, + into lunar orbit. This mission made Japan the third nation to + orbit a satellite around the Moon. + + MAGELLAN - Venus radar mapping mission. Has mapped almost the entire surface at high resolution. Currently (11/92) in mapping cycle 4, collecting a global gravity map. =================================================================== diff -t -c -r1.14 FAQ.groups *** /tmp/,RCSt1a21249 Wed Dec 2 12:29:45 1992 --- FAQ.groups Tue Dec 1 20:23:42 1992 *************** *** 46,60 **** No dues information available at present. ! NSS - the National Space Society, formed by the merger of the L-5 ! Society and the National Space Institute founded by Von Braun. NSS ! is a pro-space group distinguished by its network of local chapters. ! Supports a general agenda of space development and man-in-space, ! including the NASA space station. Publishes _Ad Astra_, a monthly ! glossy magazine, and runs Shuttle launch tours, Dial-A-Shuttle and ! Space Hotline telephone services. A major sponsor of the annual ! space development conference. Associated with Spacecause and ! Spacepac, political lobbying organizations. Membership $18 (youth/senior) $35 (regular). --- 46,64 ---- No dues information available at present. ! L-5 Society (defunct). Founded by Keith and Carolyn Henson in 1975 to ! advocate space colonization. Its major success was in preventing US ! participation in the UN "Moon Treaty" in the late 1970s. Merged with ! the National Space Institute in 1987, forming the National Space ! Society. ! ! NSS - the National Space Society. NSS is a pro-space group distinguished ! by its network of local chapters. Supports a general agenda of space ! development and man-in-space, including the NASA space station. ! Publishes _Ad Astra_, a monthly glossy magazine, and runs Shuttle ! launch tours, Dial-A-Shuttle and Space Hotline telephone services. A ! major sponsor of the annual space development conference. Associated ! with Spacecause and Spacepac, political lobbying organizations. Membership $18 (youth/senior) $35 (regular). =================================================================== diff -t -c -r1.14 FAQ.launchers *** /tmp/,RCSt1a21259 Wed Dec 2 12:29:47 1992 --- FAQ.launchers Tue Dec 1 20:23:42 1992 *************** *** 3,81 **** ORBITAL AND PLANETARY LAUNCH SERVICES ! If anyone has more accurate or more complete information, please post ! it and copy jim@pnet01.cts.com (Jim Bowery), who maintains the primary ! copy of this item. Don't forget to include the source of the ! information. - PAYLOAD(LBS) DELIVERED TO - COMPANY/VEHICLE $M LEO GTO GEO ESCAPE U.STAGE LAUNCHFAIL(1) ! MM/Titan4[H] 296 47000 .... 10300 .... Centaur .... .... ! MM/Titan4 277 49000 15000 5800 .... IUS .... .... ! MM/Titan3 160 32500 12474 4100 .... TOS .... .... ! AS/Arian44L[H] 110 21164 9259 5500 .... none .... .... ! GD/Atlas2 80 15700 6200 3000 .... Centaur .... .... ! MD/Delta2 52 11100 4010 2000 2816[S] PAMD[H] .... .... ! GW/LongMarch3 45 6614 2866 1433 .... none .... .... ! EPAC/EagleS2[E] 30 10000(2)5128 3374 ....(4) USTM(3) 0 0 ! OSC/Taurus[S] 17 2703 .... .... 374 .... 0 0 ! EPAC/EagleS1[E] 15 6000 .... .... ....(4) USTM 0 0 ! AMROC/Aquila[S] 10 2000 1467 .... .... none 0 0 ! SSI/Conestoga 10 1500(5) 900(6) 550(7) .... 0 0 ! OSC/Pegasus[H] 9.7 750 .... .... .... none 2 1 ! EPAC/Eagle[E] 6.7 3000 .... .... .... USTM 0 0 ! ! (1) For launches where reflight insurance is issued, the fraction of the ! launch cost indemnified is the failure level for that flight. ! For launches where reflight insurance is not issued, a rough ! estimate is made as to the fraction of the launch cost that ! would have been indemnified. ! (2) LEO given is 300nmi altitude [S]. ! (3) The bipropellant (Isp=323) USTM has a dry weight of approximately 1600LBS ! which must be subtracted from the total weight to determine weight ! available for electronics, power, communication and fuel. The USTM ! provides station-keeping and course correction in addition to ! transfer and apogee burns. ! (4) According to [S] escape requires 170kg MMH/NTO fuel with USTM. ! (5) 200nmi altitude 37.9d inclination [S]. ! (6) 400nmi altitude [S]. ! (7) Includes Conestoga apogee kick stage weight. ! REFLIGHT ! VEHICLE POLARLBS(9) INSURANCE(%) ACCURACY PAD WEIGHT - MM/Titan4[H] .... .... .... 1910449 - MM/Titan4 .... .... .... 1885525 - MM/Titan3 .... .... .... 1492200 - AS/Arian44L .... .... .... 1033000 - GD/Atlas2 12400 .... .... 360600 - MD/Delta2 8401 .... .... 450000 - GW/LongMarch3 .... .... .... 444400 - EPAC/EagleS2[E] .... 18 1.4km(9) 268145 - OSC/Taurus[S] 2140 .... .... .... - EPAC/EagleS1[E] .... 18 1.4km(9) .... - AMROC/Aquila[S] 1467 .... .... .... - SSI/Conestoga 900 .... 9.3km(10) .... - OSC/Pegasus[S] 649 .... .... .... - EPAC/Eagle .... 18 .... 99134 ! (9) For unknown data, conservative figures for polar orbit can be ! estimated by dividing LEO weight by 2. ! (10) Circular orbit and <0.02d inclination error to 3 sigma [S]. ! (11) Reduced payload for upper stage with thrust vector control. 1 sigma [S]. ! Figures given as "...." are to be included in a future release. ! Information sources are indicated by a source code within square brackets. ! For example [H] means the associated information and subsequent information ! comes from the 1989 Hughes Corp. Survey with dollars given in 1989 dollars. ! Source codes: H = 1989 Hughes Corp. Survey ! E = 9/1991 E'Prime Aerospace Corp. report ! S = "A Status Report on the Availability of Expendable ! Launch Vehicles for Small Solar System ! Exploration Payloads", Jim McAdams, Science ! Applications International Corp. 3/31/1991 --- 3,195 ---- ORBITAL AND PLANETARY LAUNCH SERVICES ! The following data comes from _International Reference Guide to Space Launch ! Systems_ by Steven J. Isakowitz, 1991 edition. + Notes: + * Unless otherwise specified, LEO and polar paylaods are for a 100 nm + orbit. + * Reliablity data includes launches through Dec, 1990. Reliabity for a + familiy of vehicles includes launches by types no longer built when + applicable + * Prices are in millions of 1990 $US and are subject to change. + * Only operational vehicle families are included. Individual vehicles + which have not yet flown are marked by an asterisk (*) If a vehicle + had first launch after publication of my data, it may still be + marked with an asterisk. ! Vehicle | Payload kg (lbs) | Reliability | Price | Launch Site ! (nation) | LEO Polar GTO | | | (Lat. & Long.) ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Ariane 35/40 87.5% Kourou + (ESA) (5.2 N, 52.8 W) + AR40 4,900 3,900 1,900 1/1 $65m + (10,800) (8,580) (4,190) + AR42P 6,100 4,800 2,600 1/1 $67m + (13,400) (10,600) (5,730) + AR44P 6,900 5,500 3,000 0/0 ? $70m + (15,200) (12,100) (6,610) + AR42L 7,400 5,900 3,200 0/0 ? $90m + (16,300) (13,000) (7,050) + AR44LP 8,300 6,600 3,700 6/6 $95m + (18,300) (14,500) (8,160) + AR44L 9,600 7,700 4,200 3/4 $115m + (21,100) (16,900) (9,260) ! * AR5 18,000 ??? 6,800 0/0 $105m ! (39,600) (15,000) ! [300nm] ! Atlas 213/245 86.9% Cape Canaveral ! (USA) (28.5 N, 81.0W) ! Atlas E -- 820 -- 15/17 $45m Vandeberg AFB ! (1,800) (34.7 N, 120.6W) ! Atlas I 5,580 4,670 2,250 1/1 $70m ! (12,300) (10,300) (4,950) ! Atlas II 6,395 5,400 2,680 0/0 $75m ! (14,100) (11,900) (5,900) ! Atlas IIA 6,760 5,715 2,810 0/0 $85m ! (14,900) (12,600) (6,200) ! ! * Atlas IIAS 8,390 6,805 3,490 0/0 $115m ! (18,500) (15,000) (7,700) ! ! ! Delta 189/201 94.0% Cape Canaveral ! (USA) Vandenberg AFB ! Delta 6925 3,900 2,950 1,450 14/14 $45m ! (8,780) (6,490) (3,190) ! ! Delta 7925 5,045 3,830 1,820 1/1 $50m ! (11,100) (8,420) (2,000) ! ! ! Energia 2/2 100% Baikonur ! (Russia) (45.6 N 63.4 E) ! Energia 88,000 80,000 ??? 2/2 $110m ! (194,000) (176,000) ! ! ! H series 22/22 100% Tangeshima ! (Japan) (30.2 N 130.6 E) ! * H-2 10,500 6,600 4,000 0/0 $110m ! (23,000) (14,500) (8,800) ! ! ! Kosmos 371/377 98.4% Plestek ! (Russia) (62.8 N 40.1 E) ! Kosmos 1100 - 1350 (2300 - 3000) $??? Kapustin Yar ! [400 km orbit ??? inclination] (48.4 N 45.8 E) ! ! ! Long March 23/25 92.0% Jiquan SLC ! (China) (41 N 100 E) ! * CZ-1D 720 ??? 200 0/0 $10m Xichang SLC ! (1,590) (440) (28 N 102 E) ! Taiyuan SLC ! CZ-2C 3,200 1,750 1,000 12/12 $20m (41 N 100 E) ! (7,040) (3,860) (2,200) ! ! CZ-2E 9,200 ??? 3,370 1/1 $40m ! (20,300) (7,430) ! ! * CZ-2E/HO 13,600 ??? 4,500 0/0 $??? ! (29,900) (9,900) ! ! CZ-3 ??? ??? 1,400 6/7 $33m ! (3,100) ! ! * CZ-3A ??? ??? 2,500 0/0 $???m ! (5,500) ! ! CZ-4 4,000 ??? 1,100 2/2 $???m ! (8,800) (2,430) ! ! ! Pegasus/Taurus 2/2 100% Peg: B-52/L1011 ! (USA) Taur: Canaveral ! Pegasus 455 365 125 2/2 $10m or Vandenberg ! (1,000) (800) (275) ! ! * Taurus 1,450 1,180 375 0/0 $15m ! (3,200) (2,600) (830) ! ! ! Proton 164/187 87.7% Baikonour ! (Russia) ! Proton 20,000 ??? 5,500 164/187 $35-70m ! (44,100) (12,200) ! ! ! SCOUT 99/113 87.6% Vandenberg AFB ! (USA) Wallops FF ! SCOUT G-1 270 210 54 13/13 $12m (37.9 N 75.4 W) ! (600) (460) (120) San Marco ! (2.9 S 40.3 E) ! * Enhanced SCOUT 525 372 110 0/0 $15m ! (1,160) (820) (240) ! ! ! Shavit 2/2 100% Palmachim AFB ! (Israel) ( ~31 N) ! Shavit ??? 160 ??? 2/2 $22m ! (350) ! ! Space Shuttle 37/38 97.4% Kennedy Space ! (USA) Center ! Shuttle/SRB 23,500 ??? 5,900 37/38 $248m (28.5 N 81.0 W) ! (51,800) (13,000) [FY88] ! ! * Shuttle/ASRM 27,100 ??? ??? 0/0 ! (59,800) ! ! ! SLV 2/6 33.3% SHAR Center ! (India) (400km) (900km polar) (13.9 N 80.4 E) ! ASLV 150 ??? ??? 0/2 $???m ! (330) ! ! * PSLV 3,000 1,000 450 0/0 $???m ! (6,600) (2,200) (990) ! ! * GSLV 8,000 ??? 2,500 0/0 $???m ! (17,600) (5,500) ! ! ! Titan 160/172 93.0% Cape Canaveral ! (USA) Vandenberg ! Titan II ??? 1,905 ??? 2/2 $43m ! (4,200) ! ! Titan III 14,515 ??? 5,000 2/3 $140m ! (32,000) (11,000) ! ! Titan IV/SRM 17,700 14,100 6,350 3/3 $154m-$227m ! (39,000) (31,100) (14,000) ! ! Titan IV/SRMU 21,640 18,600 8,620 0/0 $???m ! (47,700) (41,000) (19,000) ! ! ! Vostok 1358/1401 96.9% Baikonur ! (Russia) [650km] Plesetsk ! Vostok 4,730 1,840 ??? ?/149 $14m ! (10,400) (4,060) ! ! Soyuz 7,000 ??? ??? ?/944 $15m ! (15,400) ! ! Molniya 1500kg (3300 lbs) in ?/258 $???M ! Highly eliptical orbit ! ! ! Zenit 12/13 92.3% Baikonur ! (Russia) ! Zenit 13,740 11,380 4,300 12/13 $65m ! (30,300) (25,090) (9,480) Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu sci.space:51996 news.answers:4382 Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!eff!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!emory!gatech!concert!borg!mahler!leech From: leech@mahler.cs.unc.edu (Jon Leech) Newsgroups: sci.space,news.answers Subject: Space FAQ 13/15 - Interest Groups & Publications Keywords: Frequently Asked Questions Message-ID: <groups_723318280@cs.unc.edu> Date: 2 Dec 92 17:44:45 GMT Expires: 6 Jan 93 17:44:40 GMT References: <diffs_723318039@cs.unc.edu> Sender: news@cs.unc.edu Followup-To: poster Organization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Lines: 251 Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu Supersedes: <groups_720641915@cs.unc.edu> Archive-name: space/groups Last-modified: $Date: 92/12/02 12:34:38 $ SPACE ACTIVIST/INTEREST/RESEARCH GROUPS AND SPACE PUBLICATIONS GROUPS AMSAT - develops small satellites (since the 1960s) for a variety of uses by amateur radio enthusiasts. Has various publications, supplies QuickTrak satellite tracking software for PC/Mac/Amiga etc. Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) P.O. Box 27 Washington, DC 20044 (301)-589-6062 ASERA - Australian Space Engineering and Research Association. An Australian non-profit organisation to coordinate, promote, and conduct space R&D projects in Australia, involving both Australian and international (primarily university) collaborators. Activities include the development of sounding rockets, small satellites (especially microsatellites), high-altitude research balloons, and appropriate payloads. Provides student projects at all levels, and is open to any person or organisation interested in participating. Publishes a monthly newsletter and a quarterly technical journal. Membership $A100 (dual subscription) Subscriptions $A25 (newsletter only) $A50 (journal only) ASERA Ltd PO Box 184 Ryde, NSW, Australia, 2112 email: lindley@syd.dit.csiro.au BIS - British Interplanetary Society. Probably the oldest pro-space group, BIS publishes two excellent journals: _Spaceflight_, covering current space activities, and the _Journal of the BIS_, containing technical papers on space activities from near-term space probes to interstellar missions. BIS has published a design study for an interstellar probe called _Daedalus_. British Interplanetary Society 27/29 South Lambeth Road London SW8 1SZ ENGLAND No dues information available at present. L-5 Society (defunct). Founded by Keith and Carolyn Henson in 1975 to advocate space colonization. Its major success was in preventing US participation in the UN "Moon Treaty" in the late 1970s. Merged with the National Space Institute in 1987, forming the National Space Society. NSS - the National Space Society. NSS is a pro-space group distinguished by its network of local chapters. Supports a general agenda of space development and man-in-space, including the NASA space station. Publishes _Ad Astra_, a monthly glossy magazine, and runs Shuttle launch tours, Dial-A-Shuttle and Space Hotline telephone services. A major sponsor of the annual space development conference. Associated with Spacecause and Spacepac, political lobbying organizations. Membership $18 (youth/senior) $35 (regular). National Space Society Membership Department 922 Pennsylvania Avenue, S.E. Washington, DC 20003-2140 (202)-543-1900 Planetary Society - founded by Carl Sagan. The largest space advocacy group. Publishes _Planetary Report_, a monthly glossy, and has supported SETI hardware development financially. Agenda is primarily support of space science, recently amended to include an international manned mission to Mars. The Planetary Society 65 North Catalina Avenue Pasadena, California 91106 Membership $35/year. SSI - the Space Studies Institute, founded by Dr. Gerard O'Neill. Publishes _SSI Update_, a bimonthly newsletter describing work-in-progress. Conducts a research program including mass-drivers, lunar mining processes and simulants, composites from lunar materials, solar power satellites. Runs the biennial Princeton Conference on Space Manufacturing. Developing a Lunar Polar Probe for 1992 launch to geochemically map the entire moon and search for volatiles which may be frozen at the poles. Membership $25/year. Senior Associates ($100/year and up) fund most SSI research. Space Studies Institute 258 Rosedale Road PO Box 82 Princeton, NJ 08540 SEDS - Students for the Exploration and Development of Space. Founded in 1980 at MIT and Princeton. SEDS is a chapter-based pro-space organization at high schools and universities around the world. Entirely student run. Each chapter is independent and coordinates its own local activities. Nationally, SEDS runs a scholarship competition, design contests, and holds an annual international conference and meeting in late summer. Students for the Exploration and Development of Space MIT Room W20-445 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 (617) 253-8897 email: odyssey@athena.mit.edu Dues determined by local chapter. SPACECAUSE - A political lobbying organization and part of the NSS Family of Organizations. Publishes a bi-monthly newsletter, Spacecause News. Annual dues is $25. Members also receive a discount on _The Space Activist's Handbook_. Activities to support pro-space legislation include meeting with political leaders and interacting with legislative staff. Spacecause primarily operates in the legislative process. National Office West Coast Office Spacecause Spacecause 922 Pennsylvania Ave. S.E. 3435 Ocean Park Blvd. Washington, D.C. 20003 Suite 201-S (202)543-1900 Santa Monica, CA 90405 SPACEPAC - A political action committee and part of the NSS Family of Organizations. Spacepac researches issues, policies, and candidates. Each year, updates _The Space Activist's Handbook_. Current Handbook price is $25. While Spacepac does not have a membership, it does have regional contacts to coordinate local activity. Spacepac primarily operates in the election process, contributing money and volunteers to pro-space candidates. Spacepac 922 Pennsylvania Ave. S.E. Washington, D.C. 20003 (202)543-1900 UNITED STATES SPACE FOUNDATION - a public, non-profit organization supported by member donations and dedicated to promoting international education, understanding and support of space. The group hosts an annual conference for teachers and others interested in education. Other projects include developing lesson plans that use space to teach other basic skills such as reading. Publishes "Spacewatch," a monthly B&W glossy magazine of USSF events and general space news. Annual dues: Charter $50 ($100 first year) Individual $35 Teacher $29 College student $20 HS/Jr. High $10 Elementary $5 Founder & $1000+ Life Member United States Space Foundation P.O. Box 1838 Colorado Springs, CO 80901 (719) 550-1000 PUBLICATIONS Air & Space / Smithsonian (bimonthly magazine) Box 53261 Boulder, CO 80332-3261 $18/year US, $24/year international Final Frontier (mass-market bimonthly magazine) - history, book reviews, general-interest articles (e.g. "The 7 Wonders of the Solar System", "Everything you always wanted to know about military space programs", etc.) Final Frontier Publishing Co. PO Box 534 Mt. Morris, IL 61054-7852 $14.95/year US, $19.95 Canada, $23.95 elsewhere Space News (weekly magazine) - covers US civil and military space programs. Said to have good political and business but spotty technical coverage. Space News Springfield VA 22159-0500 703-642-7330 $75/year, may have discounts for NSS/SSI members Space Flight News (monthly magazine) - covers current space activities (all nations) in depth and has good historical series on topics like early space capsules, cosmonauts, etc. Available by newsstand in the US (with several months shipping delay), only by mail elsewhere. Subscription Dept. Space Flight News Ltd. PO Box 100 Stamford, Lincs, PE9IXQ ENGLAND #16.20 pounds/year UK and international (surface) airmail: #25/year (Europe) #26 (Middle East) #29 (North America) #31 (Australia, NZ, Japan) Journal of the Astronautical Sciences and Space Times - publications of the American Astronautical Society. No details. AAS Business Office 6352 Rolling Mill Place, Suite #102 Springfield, Va. 22152 703-866-0020 GPS World (semi-monthly) - reports on current and new uses of GPS, news and analysis of the system and policies affecting it, and technical and product issues shaping GPS applications. GPS World 859 Willamette St. P.O. Box 10460 Eugene, OR 97440-2460 503-343-1200 Free to qualified individuals; write for free sample copy. Planetary Encounter - in-depth technical coverage of planetary missions, with diagrams, lists of experiments, interviews with people directly involved. World Spaceflight News - in-depth technical coverage of near-Earth spaceflight. Mostly covers the shuttle: payload manifests, activity schedules, and post-mission assessment reports for every mission. Box 98 Sewell, NJ 08080 $30/year US/Canada $45/year elsewhere UNDOCUMENTED GROUPS Anyone who would care to write up descriptions of the following groups (or others not mentioned) for inclusion in the answer is encouraged to do so.